activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter answer key

You can also download it, export it or print it out. activity illustrates how the epicenter of an earthquake is found. %PDF-1.3 % Solved Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an - Chegg Privacy Policy, Seismograms from seismic stations in Fresno, CA, Phoenix, AZ, and Las Vegas, NV, A modified travel time curve for S-P wave, A Modified Travel Time Curve for S-P Wave. P wave. How does the period of the P waves compare to the period of the surface waves? Choose an answer and hit 'next'. Copyright 2023. The vertical lines, spaced one When an earthquake strikes, P waves arrive at a seismograph rst and S waves next. Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach the, seismic station first. Focus (aka Hypocenter) is the location in the Earth where the earthquake starts. In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographsfrom at least three different places are needed for a particular event. It is called triangulation because a triangle has three sides, and it takes three seismographs to locate an earthquake. Seismic stations detect earthquakes by the tracings made on seismographs. (Grades These natural disasters may be mitigated, however, by insightful and creative engineering. The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake. important in helping seismologists determine the epicenter of the earthquake. Students first triangulate the location of an earthquake's epicenter, then calculate its magnitude. Locating Earthquake Epicenter Worksheet Answer Key 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 First, determine the P-wave arrival, and read down to the bottom of the seismogram to note at what time (usually marked in seconds) that the P-wave arrived. 0000002840 00000 n Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. m>r/Q[6 0000006538 00000 n The point of origin of an earthquake is called its focus and the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. Assess their understanding based on the thoroughness of their answers. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, The period of a wave is the time between two adj, How does the period of the P waves compare to t. Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. determine the epicenter using the S P (S minus P) method. 0000004060 00000 n 0000053998 00000 n Encourage them to explore all of the Earthquakes Living Lab as they complete the worksheet. Continue the discussion with the following questions (or assign these questions as homework): Have student groups explore one or more of the other two regions (Southern California and Japan) provided in the Virtual Earthquake simulation. (Figure 3):. A. Seismic waves-waves generated by an earthquake, can move the ground forward and back- answers the question. 12), Seek, evaluate, and use a variety of specialized resources available from libraries, the Internet, and the community to find scientific information on Earth's history locating the epicenter of an earthquake activity - TeachersPayTeachers What types of engineers might use this data the most? hbbd``b`$C`q9 X_$_g`bdxc`X Students learn about factors that engineers take into consideration when designing buildings for earthquake-prone regions. earthquakes. How is the magnitude of an earthquake determined? 12 Earthquake Location Lab Answer Key Full PDF - www.yvc.moeys.gov Earthquake Location 2 Using the skills that you acquired in the picking P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake using real seismic records. Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects. 83 0 obj <> endobj cCV&0Lw1~c\4QA!{q: N3\`Lccgb,x/if`WH3(\'q)Da'@ | endstream endobj 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[57 4]/Length 20/Size 61/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream The real-world earthquake data is viewable via a graphical interface using a scaling map. It shows the time required for P Locating an Earthquake's Epicenter - American Geosciences Institute They make a model of a seismographa measuring device that records an earthquake on a seismogram. Epicenter is the location on the surface of the Earth directly above where the earthquake starts. Locating_an_epicenter_activity-MB.pdf - Activity 4: Locating an For upper grades, have students work individually, do two of the three seismic area tutorials, and look up historical earthquakes to learn their magnitudes, and make data tables or graphs with this information. 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[83 25]/Info 82 0 R/Length 62/Prev 466624/Root 84 0 R/Size 108/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream 500p;333aXb3 \a.1. Please answer the following questions using the earthquake video shake, shake, shake. What did it feel like? Last modified July 18, 2012. To complete the activity, some prior . Engineers first determine where earthquakes are likely to occur, and how severe they are likely to be. ' endstream endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj [85 0 R] endobj 71 0 obj <> endobj 72 0 obj <> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream Epicenter. Great-circle arcs are drawn on the globe using the distance of the earthquake to the station as a radius. PDF. However, please review it for the specific setting, materials, students, and conventional safety precautions. 13.4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter - Geosciences LibreTexts Earthquakes occur along faults, which are cracks in the Earths crust that build tension. Some places are more prone to earthquakes than others. A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. inch = 500 km. PDF Lecture 3 Activity: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter If you complete all the problems, you should be able to: Identify P, S, and surface waves on a simple seismogram. Place a ruler (or straight edge) on the chart between the points you marked for the distance to the epicenter and the amplitude. Today, most seismologists no longer follow Richter's original methodology because it does not give reliable results when applied to stronger earthquakes and it was not designed to use data from earthquakes recorded at epicentral distances greater than ~600 km. What is an earthquake? The farther away the epicenter is, the greater the difference . In this 1-to-10 logarithmic scale, each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. 0000003855 00000 n The magnitude is the logarithm of the amplitude of the ground wave. The magnitude determination is based on seismic data. If you draw a circle on a map around three different seismographs where the radius of each is the distance from that station to the earthquake, the intersection of those three circles is the epicenter. Hands-on Activity Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters Then do the same for the S-wave. epicenter: A point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the place where the underground forces of an earthquake originate. Triangulation to Locate an Earthquake By Earthquake Hazards Original Thumbnail Medium Detailed Description Triangulation can be used to locate an earthquake. Subject Areas: Focal Depth. Using the real-world data in the living lab enables students and teachers to practice analyzing data to solve problems and answer questions, in much the same way that scientists and engineers do every day. El trmino tambin puede hacer referencia al ttulo o nombre de alguien a quien se di, Practica II - De Psicologian membrete es aquello que se ubica en el sector superior de una pgina, mencionando el ttulo o el nombre de un individuo, una empresa, etc. 0000001861 00000 n You will analyze the records and locate the earthquake using a method known 1. While no one can predict earthquakes, knowing the intensities, frequencies and locations of past earthquakes and fault planes helps us to better anticipate the locations and forces to expect, so we can do our best to prepare our communities and infrastructure to withstand them safely. In this activity, the epicenter of the earthquake is in the center of Los Angeles, CA. ?t?s=Yt '_( endstream endobj 76 0 obj <>stream (Listen to student ideas.) n{6c&6NK*U;=9i%nF 0000007783 00000 n Locating an Epicenter Activity - Arkansas Geological Survey PDF Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answers - Full PDF 0000033429 00000 n Step 1: ans- d) 65 seconds Ste . Scientists use triangulation to find the epicenter of an earthquake. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. (Grades 9 - 12). to the lag time measured at this location? Earthquakes and Seismic Waves - carlisleschools.org As discussed earlier in this lesson, this method of determining the epicenter of an . Nov 2, 2020 Triangulation is used to determine the location of an earthquake. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. To abbreviate, use the symbol M (a capital M, plain text, no sub/superscripts) expressed to the nearest 0.1. seismogram. We additionally manage to pay for . Material is sheared side to side, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. All rights reserved. Mark the first arrival of the swave on each seismogram. Answer Key: Lab 5 Earthquakes - Find People EARTHQUAKES: Epicenter Determination and Seismic Waves . consider a seismograph stationed 3, The western U.S. has more faults than the eastern U.S., and therefore the western U.S. has more earthquakes. For example, the western United States has earthquakes more frequently and on a larger scale than the eastern part of the country. 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Y$Kr;V6[;Dq vg~cx:A[^jCssupwD endstream endobj 80 0 obj <> endobj 81 0 obj <>stream In a concluding class discussion, have groups share their ideas about engineering and one new thing they learned about earthquakes. Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes ActivityWorksheet Example Answers 4 now big earthquakes are measured using the moment magnitude scale; both scales essentially rank the power (energy release) of the earthquake. (Grades 6 - 8). (5 minutes) Discuss how gathering information on epicenters can be applied. A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. The longer the time is between the P-and S-wave . 17 Station St., Ste 3 Brookline, MA 02445. Hand out the worksheets to the groups and direct them to read through the instructions. The moment magnitude scale (MMS) was developed in the 1970s as a modification of the Richter scale and is better for measuring big earthquakes but less good for small ones. earthquake though). So next, students compute the magnitude of this same earthquake by looking at the three simplified seismograms again, but this time selecting each's maximum S wave amplitude (height). Zip. The USGS now uses the MMS to estimate magnitudes for all modern large earthquakes. Finding the epicenter of an Earthquake by Ah - Ha Lessons 5.0 (1) $3.00 PDF Activity This lesson teaches the student the process scientists use to locate the epicenter of an EQ. 0000002009 00000 n 0000006984 00000 n The uses of technologies and any limitations on their use are driven by individual or societal needs, desires, and values; by the findings of scientific research; and by differences in such factors as climate, natural resources, and economic conditions. A seismograph is securely mounted onto the surface of the earth so that when the earth shakes, the entire unit shakes with it EXCEPT for the mass on the spring, which has inertia and remains in the same place. Expert Answer. minutes = 6 minutes. Click on New Document and select the file importing option: upload Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key from your device, the cloud, or a protected link. (Figure 3):. Figure 1 is a simplified example of a Students also investigate which structural designs are most likely to survive an earthquake. lag time. 0000001736 00000 n I contacted the persons listed below to find out the location of the following people entitled to notice Name of Person Measure the difference in arrival times between the first shear (s) wave and the first compressional (p) wave, which can be interpreted from the seismogram. Thus, the Richter scale is used for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less), while the moment magnitude scale is used for measuring stronger earthquakes (3.5 M or higher). Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answers Thank you for reading Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answers . PDF Locating an Epicenter Activity - Arkansas Geological Survey Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Worksheet Answers xb``d``Id`a`Ab@_ :iWGi>|q` For lower grades, just introduce the concepts of triangulation and the magnitude scale; a thorough understanding of P and S waves is not vital. The epicenter of an earthquake can be found using the difference between the arrival of the Primary and Secondary waves. The calculated distance from each seismometer to the earthquake is shown as a circle. The Richter scale was created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface Locating_an_epicenter_activity - Activity4 - Course Hero Make an overhead copy of each of the handouts. What is an earthquake? different types of seismic waves. Free K-12 standards-aligned STEM curriculum for educators everywhere. 12), computer or other device with Internet access, journal or writing paper for each student. Student exploration Graphing Skills SE Key Gizmos Explore Learning. HtA1D41`s(GME$Ke*YdEOYf2-:r. 0000004457 00000 n Locating Earthquake Epicenters ( Read ) | Earth Science Practice with Triangulation: Locating an earthquake epicenter. https://people.wou.edu/~taylors/gs104/lab5key.pdf Locating Earthquake Epicenters | CK-12 Foundation Apr 8, 2020 . 0000001978 00000 n THREE SEISMOGRAMS Seismogram A - New York, NY 1 minute 1. Tracings made at three separate seismic stations are needed to locate an earthquake epicenter. !5(~q* The epicenter is the point directly above it at the surface of the Earth. travel 3,000 miles. 12), Evaluate ways that technology can impact individuals, society, and the environment. Richter magnitude scale: An earthquake measurement scale created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. Considered best for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less). Accessed December 11, 2013. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/aboutus/docs/020204mag_policy.php. How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and the last measurable One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. Section 8.1 What Is an Earthquake? trailer <<320C1F98F8FF4795B5CCB8D9E9A0B99B>]/Prev 812054/XRefStm 1396>> startxref 0 %%EOF 93 0 obj <>stream Activity 4 Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Answers: Fill Out & Sign . time for any point that is 3,000 miles Earthquakes and Volcanoes. How can you locate an earthquake's epicenter? This activity is designed around the Earthquakes Living Lab, a resource and online interface that uses real-time U.S. Geological Survey seismic data from around the world. The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). travel time for P waves. S waves. DocHub v5.1.1 Released! Figure 2. Find 23 millimeters on the right side of the chart and mark that point. "`B(R6sj [CX7p+s =#;~ `'kA 0000055643 00000 n The distance is in kilometers. 01. $8.25. %PDF-1.5 % Thanks for your feedback! In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. 61 0 obj <> endobj xref While earthquake locations are normally done with a computer that can quickly determine the paths of seismic waves through the Earth to many seismic stations, 15 Introduction to Geology Chapter Worksheet . Geologists use seismic waves to locate an earthquake's epicenter. As you read and complete the activity, take notes so you can complete the. Next, have student groups answer the eight questions in the. 0000005544 00000 n If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. 9 - Accessed December 11, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale, Novak, Gary. farther from the epicenter of an earthquake? HTn {0,`K6}(J6]&Q^"!q57y_VQ9fp3/?Mc=KGsrrt:c\$Lh`4}>C>`qcSj0[YpZ_Su(322/N Z./$E )H %C[5ph[BUyGh7|!XPQiDjJ(|BNvylk+g;9G(#Aby>Jcf`XmnwtDD+;Z^I&Sb-4!7oi` L7 endstream endobj 78 0 obj <> endobj 79 0 obj <>stream Quick Tips. 9 - miles from the epicenter of an There are two sets of data and maps to do this activity/ lab for than once. The period of P waves is shorter, than the period of surface waves. 0000000016 00000 n X!.43p2t!}SLx-3z.KN4X+H\+vk? Objective Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. /g$=#!$EbBbhD!,x so^6Uc})\uJs=fyY}j'|YjTm8B_[}*Ovm\[J'.mu?lQg,wzJM^X&P w>-T%*h%J4 yB@VPmP]@D------------,2dfY$"A!ANAASi)4$dniiiinH% Gxt5DJ) )9RRr$II'y ??O's^3@[{*{VT?nsNS!ilq]mFO?? E}g7$i(=K)"aj%v]vPcYloi@X3noGX{[XucOgkdF.>Ym^fwrQf;8_Nok3w\;?n_Hhc?>k\o[%DgwJ'3d.lTqDy_aJw! How Can I Locate the Earthquake Epicenter? | Michigan Technological After reading about earthquakes, open a new window to an Earthquake Simulator at, Follow the simulation instructions. Question: ACTIVITY 2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations-New York; Nome, Alaska; and Mexico City. PDF Page - 1 Lab 08 - Seismology - Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake (Source: USGS). at that station. Conclude the activity with a class discussion (and perhaps homework questions) to share ideas and answers, as described in the Assessment section. Finally, the location of the 3 seismographs are placed on a map and the distance to the epicenter is used to draw a circle with an origin at each seismograph and a radius equal to the distance to the epicenter as taken from each seismogram. The process is called triangulation. HTn0MmcHCB The nations most famous fault is the San Andreas Fault, which runs along a north-south trend in southern California, and happens to run directly through Los Angeles. An earthquake is the violent movement of tectonic plates in the Earth's crust. 9 - 4. surface wave? Subjects: Earth Sciences, General Science Grades: 5th - 8th Types: Activities, Laboratory Figure 13.10). Even though the scale formulae are different, MMS retains the familiar continuum of magnitude values defined by the older scale. Great exercise for Regents Earth Science. Scientists and engineers around the globe gather data through observation and experimentation and use it to describe and understand how the world works. 13 4 locating an earthquake epicenter geosciences libretexts . The answer is the San Andreas Fault. 0000001533 00000 n 87 0 obj <> endobj xref 87 28 0000000016 00000 n Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Key Concepts . This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. from the epicenter will be 14 8. American Geosciences Institute. 0000002094 00000 n 0000078169 00000 n Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), established by Congress in 1977, and the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) was established by Congress as a NEHRP facility. Draw your signature, type it, upload its image, or use your mobile device as a signature pad. During an earthquake, seismic waves are sent all over the globe. Upload a document. The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). So the difference in the P- and S-wave arrival times determines the distance between the epicenter and a seismometer. [N'. Dochub is the best editor for changing your documents online. Explain the difference between S and P waves, and how their time interval is used to determine the epicenter location. What are those limits? HlRnQ?R\>BjK' Travel-time graphDistance in Miles, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, seismogram. Alignment agreement: Triangulation is required to determine exactly where it happened. Most of these earthquakes are small tremors that cant be felt by people, but occasionally an earthquake occurs on a large magnitude that causes millions of dollars in property damage and kills hundreds to thousands of people. What about P waves? It travels faster than the same earthquake's S wave (almost double the speed) and is similar to sound waves. HS]o01j6R0iMm4U=wL8]BE< (, Find the S-P interval for each seismogram and record answers in the S-P column of, Find the distance to the epicenter (in kilometers) from each recording station and record answers in Table 1. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. hb```b````e``n`d@ A 'EF''oquE"ky#:}m;9JmkPt~=unFHy&|X:70 vILZ*|%6mD! If your seismograph station is If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. BDF endstream endobj 74 0 obj <>stream Activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter answers: Fill out & sign between arrival of P and S waves is called The simulation renders three circles on a map and directs students to find the epicenter. If you can't find an answer to your question, please contact us. Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus. locate and label the epicenter of the earthquake on this map. Q(_?!6YV3B"\'9:4gTp*7^/P.X!skfkJ)1nG#a\{UD+iWM+ rQR]9SFTUPlM#"c:;tnsQPlu]Uyv?Ge}W;8cMA/x}'5clES~+}S+N7}wQ:/BkmI^" 5oqaBC[TRjq4.e}F:SQg{=u\xcg~EaZKReoC?oahJ` 'w endstream endobj 77 0 obj <>stream Use Figure 5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4 to determine . Answers to the Finding the Epicenter Gizmos Lab - Name: Earthquakes 2 This worksheet focuses on using the p and s graph to find different variables. 0000001893 00000 n Shear wave from earthquake, moving slower than primary waves, through solid material only. 6. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, how would it compare To locate the epicenter of the earthquake, seismologists use the . Seismographs - Keeping Track of Earthquakes | U.S. Geological Survey Using online resources and simulations available through the Earthquakes Living Lab, students explore the consequences of subsurface ground type and building height on seismic d Seismographs are measuring devices designed by engineers and used by researchers to determine the locations and magnitudes of earthquakes. A little under 30 seconds, maybe around 26 seconds. Thanks for your feedback! As the drum rotated, t, pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface, between arrival of P and S waves is called, epicenter, the longer the lag time measured, velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the. U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior. This page titled 13.4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Deline, Harris & Tefend (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) . The travel-time graph 0000001777 00000 n (Grades Read through the sections What Is Seismology and What Are Seismic Waves?, Where Do Earthquakes Happen?, and Why Do Earthquakes Happen? to answer the following questions: What is the difference between S and P waves? DOC Home - Westerville City Schools Yw8SxGk}X3kfTfW& gk`41#'uf7"G\fsN4^8jC7[+%`qFLFKpFc Construct an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. Earth and Space, Physical Science, A process called triangulation uses seismic data from three locations to identify the epicenter of an earthquake.copyrightCopyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. ACTIVITY 4.2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 4.5 shows - Chegg 107 0 obj <>stream Make arrangements so that each student group has a computer with Internet access. Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions. Triangulation and Magnitude: Student pairs complete the worksheet, which includes following a tutorial/simulation accessed through the Earthquakes Living Lab. and S waves to travel any distance up to Through the online Earthquakes Living Lab, student pairs explore various types of seismic waves and the differences between shear waves and compressional waves. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter The Science of Earthquakes | U.S. Geological Survey An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one .

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