research examining rebellion and obedience suggests that

Failure to conform can lead to ostracism Estimate what the proper balance of the allowance for doubtful accounts should be as of December 31,2016 . Of those who were home when the producer calld 75% reported they liked soap operas more than sitcoms. c. Milgram's participants were alone but Gamson's were in a group.d. Ten minutes after you've begun a stenuous workout, the person next to you strikes up a conversation, and you immediately feel attracted to him/her. According to the dual-process approach, majorities exert influence by producing ____, whereas minorities exert influence by producing ____. Joe thinks that is quite a lot of money. d. Pateints are more likely to follow advice given by doctors than advice given by nurses, C. a teacher can exert more control over a large class than a small class, ex3. If other people show concern and get up to leave, you are likely to do the same. b. Blass, T (2004). Race can influence the thought processes of police officers, but very rarely their actual behavior Homosexual behaviors Social psychologist Stanley Milgram researched the effect of authority on obedience. Would he need to adopt a different strategy if he instead wanted to implement the change in the next academic year? This puts you in a relaxed state in which you can perform your best, if you choose (Zajonc, 1965). When certain features of the situation were changed, participants were less likely to continue to deliver shocks (Milgram, 1965). June 8, 2022 . Springfield, IL: Smith Collins. According to your textbook, the single best predictor of whether two people will get together is Most participants asked the experimenter whether they should continue. Social identity theory Milgram's work might not hold the answers to what makes people obey or even the degree to which they truly obey. To some extent this may be true. An intention prediction model is proposed to enhance cooperative task solving by derives intention from the combined information about the user's gaze pattern and task knowledge and is validated through a comparison of user frustration. Conformity to a group norm to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by the group. Records for Chief Super Market show this opening balance and these receipts for soup in November. Milgram started his experiments in 1961, shortly after the trial of the World War II criminal Adolf Eichmann had begun. Interestingly, the opposite of social loafing occurs when the task is complex and difficult (Bond & Titus, 1983; Geen, 1989). When instructed to carry out an act you find abhorrent, even by a legitimate authority, stop and ask yourself: "Is this something I would do on my own initiative?" He found among a multicultural sample of women and men that their levels of obedience matched Milgram's research. a. ", "You have no other choice; you must go on. 5. Table 12.2 summarizes the types of social influence you have learned about in this chapter. What Is Industrial and Organizational Psychology? Researchers have categorized the motivation to conform into two types: normative social influence and informational social influence (Deutsch & Gerard, 1955). Obedience. Each student receives a secret clue critical to his or her group's success in finding the treasure. 1965;1(2):127-234. doi:10.1037/h0021650. 61-90 \text{days past due} & 60,000 & 15 \\ Informational social influence. Eichmanns defense that he was merely following instructions when he ordered the deaths of millions of Jews roused Milgrams interest. a. Base-rate fallacy Each group of participants had only one true, nave subject. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, This paper considers various feedback methods for communicating a five degree of freedom target pose to a user including a stereoscopic VR display, a monocular see-through AR display and a 2D screen as well as robot arm gesturing. you find the questions to be easy. No. b. Social loafing Imagine that you are in a movie theater watching a film and what seems to be smoke comes in the theater from under the emergency exit door. These factors include the participants age, gender, and socio-cultural background (Bond & Smith, 1996; Larsen, 1990; Walker & Andrade, 1996). c. tend to be reported in the same incidence in most cultures When you are uncertain you will tend to look at the behavior of others in the theater. While Milgrams research raised serious ethical questions about the use of human subjects in psychology experiments, his results have also been consistently replicated in further experiments. Such findings cast Milgram's results in a new light. b. According to Hollander's (1958) work on idiosyncrasy credits, which of the following individuals would be _most_ effective in convincing a majority to change their opinion? Theory Appl Ethics. 2016 11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). this finding best illustrates The public or private nature of the responses: When responses are made publicly (in front of others), conformity is more likely; however, when responses are made privately (e.g., writing down the response), conformity is less likely (Deutsch & Gerard, 1955). a. 2015;54:55-83. doi:10.1111/bjso.12074. Another form of social influence is obedience to authority. his parents were slightly wealthier The nave participant then had to identify aloud the line segment that best matched the target line segment. A more everyday example is a groups discussion of how attractive someone is. ex1. b. b. Self-affirmation group Milgram, S. (1974). We begin this section with a discussion of a famous social psychology experiment that demonstrated how susceptible humans are to outside social pressures. Why would people give the wrong answer? 1. That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Research by Prentice and Miller (1996) found that college students are likely to have more positive attitudes toward drinking on campus and consume more alcohol if they believe such attitudes and behavior are inconsistent with social norms. Here, we propose an intention prediction model to enhance cooperative task solving. b. \text{Over 180 days past due} & \underline{24,000} & 80 \\ Involves less direct pressure form others When the teachers and learners hands were touching, the highest shock rate dropped to 30%. Milgram s classic yet controversial experiment illustrates people's reluctance to confront those who abuse power. But other psychologists suggested that the replication was too dissimilar to Milgram's original study to draw any meaningful comparisons. They wanted to understand if a person could be coerced to. d. representativeness heuristic, ex2. c. requires the physical presence of at least one other person c. Participants in the milgram studies would have been even more likely to obey had there been another participant seated at the shock panel with them Their defiance had a liberating influence on the subjects, so that only 10% of them ended up giving the maximum shock. In exchange for their participation, each person was paid $4.50. No one else seems concerned about the welfare of the woman lying down in the alley. Interestingly, related research suggests that most people under-estimate rates of obedience in these studies, thinking that only a minority of people would obey such destructive commands, and . fear the negative social consequences of rejection that can follow appearing deviant. Also, several Supreme Court briefs, as well as over 180 law reviews have referenced them. Dec 19, 2022 OpenStax. You are not certain that it is smokeit might be a special effect for the movie, such as a fog machine. What if the person believes it is incorrect, or worse, unethical? Another phenomenon of group conformity is groupthink. 9. 1999;29(5):955-978. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00134.x, Burger J. Replicating Milgram: Would people still obey today?. In one of Milgram's conditions the nave subject was one of a 3-person teaching team. Sleep on the ability to concentrate b. A review of Milgram's research materials suggests that the experiments exerted more pressure to obey than the original results suggested. We recommend using a The interviewer's final impression is that Vernell is as he suspected incompetent. 2011;50:140-162. doi:10.1348/014466610X492205, Haslam SA, Reicher SD. Similarly, when the authority of the experimenter decreased, so did obedience. D. As a student procrastinates more her academic achievement decreases, ex1. For example, following World War II, the United States and the former Soviet Union engaged in a nuclear arms race. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? This work focuses on head and eye gestures, and adopts an egocentric (first-person) perspective using eyewear cameras, and argues that this egOCentric view may offer a number of conceptual and technical benefits over scene- or robot-centric perspectives. Milgrams experiment has become a classic in psychology, demonstrating the dangers of obedience. a. One social psychology textbook gives an obedience definition that is a version of the most widely accepted one today. 46, pp. 10. (b) An audience is at a rock concert where people are dancing, singing, and possibly engaging in activities like crowd surfing. 7. People are uniformly good at perceiving the emotional states of others based on nonverbal cues, regardless of whether perceivers and targets are from the same culture. Eichmanns defense for the atrocities he committed was that he was just following orders. Milgram (1963) wanted to test the validity of this defense, so he designed an experiment and initially recruited 40 men for his experiment. The desire for others to perceive us in the same way that we see ourselves is called. Everyone in your group will get the same grade. a. Abstract. Find your thing. b. norms a. c. consolidated within one distant target. c. peripheral route persuasion View 2 excerpts, cites results and background. Why does groupthink occur? In a study by Martin and Bull (2008), midwives privately filled out a questionnaire regarding best practices and expectations in delivering a baby. We often give too wide a berth to people who project a commanding presence, either by their demeanor or by their mode of dress and follow their orders even in contexts irrelevant to their authority. When the researcher gave the orders by phone, the rate dropped to 23%. d. Self-esteem is increased to the extent that the in group is perceived as better than the outgroup, B. Acquiescence to the commands of an authority that are only mildly objectionable is often, as in Milgram's experiments, the beginning of a step-by-step, escalating process of entrapment. It later came to light that Iraq did not have weapons of mass destruction, but not until the invasion was well underway. a. Gray, S. (2004, March 30). Verywell Mind content is rigorously reviewed by a team of qualified and experienced fact checkers. The lack of protection for the participants who were involved, Pressure from the experimenter to continue even after asking to stop, interfering with participants' right to withdraw. d. The rewards gained from the relationship are greater than the cost of maintaining the relationship, d. The rewards gained from the relationship are greater than the costs of maintaining the relationship, ex4. Group polarization can be observed at political conventions, when platforms of the party are supported by individuals who, when not in a group, would decline to support them. ________________________________ states that social influence depends on the strength, immediacy, and number of source persons relative to target persons. c. physical proximity Understanding the Personality of Moral Rebels | Psychology Today Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Vol. 10. As observed by Asch (1956), the optimal number of confederates, above which conformity did not significantly increase, was. Sheriff's Robbers Cave experiment suggests that the student's will If your friends vociferously agree, might you then find this person even more attractive? If the task is a difficult one, many people feel motivated and believe that their group needs their input to do well on a challenging project (Jackson & Williams, 1985). Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author and educational consultant focused on helping students learn about psychology. c. instrutmentation This impression is most likely the result of Clearly, the implications of Milgram's research have been greatest for understanding of the Holocaust. Which of the following might raise questions about the results? Midterm 2 Social Psy Chapter 7 Flashcards | Quizlet However, with informational social influence, people conform because they believe the group is competent and has the correct information, particularly when the task or situation is ambiguous. This case is still very applicable today. c. Develop positive views of one another and behave in a friendly manner As a result, Vernell becomes nervous, starts to stutter and loses her train of thought several times. Because each individual's efforts are not evaluated, individuals can become less motivated to perform well. Why did so many of the participants in this experiment perform a seemingly brutal act when instructed by an authority figure? One potential problem with self-report measures is that Participants were also carefully screened to eliminate those who might experience adverse reactions to the experiment. In pursuit of ethics: Tough choices in the world of work. The answer may well be "No," because, according to Milgram, moral considerations play a role in acts carried out under one's own steam, but not when they emanate from an authority's commands. However, once established, a social trap is very difficult to escape. and you must attribute OpenStax. ex1. The _______________________________________ refers to the finding that people with minority opinions are slower to respond to questions about the topic than people with majority opinions. c. people are actually better at perceiving the emotional states of individuals from other cultures because they are not distracted by language use and other verbal cues. Request PDF | On Nov 1, 2019, Janis Stolzenwald and others published Rebellion and Obedience: The Effects of Intention Prediction in Cooperative Handheld Robots | Find, read and cite all the . d. the fundamental attribution error, ex2. This elimination of diverse opinions contributes to faulty decision by the group. 67, pp. The experimenter then responded with a series of commands to prod the participant along: In the Milgram experiment, obedience was measured by the level of shock that the participant was willing to deliver. Jerry wants to make sure he does better than everyone else in his department. People aren't aware of having them The Milgram Experiment: Summary, Conclusion, Ethics - ThoughtCo \end{array} His famous conformity experiment demonstrated that people would change . Which situation would not be predicted by social impact theory? Reflections on replicating Milgram (Burger, 2009), Happy to have been of service: The Yale archive as a window into the engaged followership of participants in Milgrams obedience experiments, "The experiment requires that you continue. Obedience to authority: An experimental view. Studies similar to Milgram's findings have since been conducted all over the world (Blass, 1999), with obedience rates ranging from a high of 90% in Spain and the Netherlands (Meeus & Raaijmakers, 1986) to a low of 16% among Australian women (Kilham & Mann, 1974). The experience of being ostracized has been found to be similar in brain area activation to the experience of physical pain. The compliance technique in which compliance to a desired request is increased by first gaining compliance to a smaller, but related, request is called ______________________________________________. The participants believed they gave the learners shocks, which increased in 15-volt increments, all the way up to 450 volts. (1983) who tested 58 male participants of Kohlberg's original study. Limit their competition to the playing field and behave cooperatively off the field Browning, C. (1992). According to Moscovici, majorities derive their power to influence others by virtue of their ____, whereas nonconformists derive their power to influence others from their ____. Stanley Milgram's famous experiment highlights the powerful human tendency to obey authority. This rich volume explores the complex problem of obedience and conformity, re-examining Stanley Milgram's famous electric shock study, and presenting the findings of the most extensive . 8. 1999-2023, Rice University. The shocks were said to be painful, not dangerous. In the Milgram experiment, social psychologist Stanley Milgram and researchers at Yale University studied human obedience to authority. Temperature on highway shootings c. political attitudes on friendship formation d. Academic performance on self-esteem Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 40 A. New York: Harper/Collins. Instead, participants complied to fit in and avoid ridicule, an instance of normative social influence. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Br J Soc Psychol. a. self-esteem is derived from positive ingroup associations 31-60 \text{days past due} & 190,000 & 5 \\ video of a replication of the Asch experiment, video of Colin Powell, 10 years after his famous United Nations speech, discussing the information he had at the time, https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/12-4-conformity-compliance-and-obedience, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Changing your behavior to go along with the group even if you do not agree with the group, Conformity to a group norm to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by the group, Conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information, Changing your behavior to please an authority figure or to avoid aversive consequences, Tendency to prioritize group cohesion over critical thinking that might lead to poor decision making; more likely to occur when there is perceived unanimity among the group, Strengthening of the original group attitude after discussing views within a group, Exertion of less effort by a person working in a group because individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group, thus causing performance decline on easy tasks, Group situation in which a person may feel a sense of anonymity and a resulting reduction in accountability and sense of self, Define conformity and types of social influence, Describe Stanley Milgrams experiment and its implications, Define groupthink, social facilitation, and social loafing.

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